Ovarian Stimulation:
The first step of IVF treatment involves stimulating the ovaries to produce multiple mature eggs. This is achieved through the administration of fertility medications, typically in the form of hormone injections. The aim is to encourage the development and maturation of multiple follicles within the ovaries.
Egg Retrieval:
A surgical procedure where the baby is delivered through an incision in the mother’s abdomen and uterus. This method is used when vaginal delivery poses risks or is not possible.
Sperm Collection:
On the same day as the egg retrieval, a semen sample is collected from the male partner. The sample is then processed in the laboratory to isolate healthy and highly motile sperm.
Fertilization:
The retrieved eggs and processed sperm are combined in a controlled laboratory setting to facilitate fertilization. There are two main methods of fertilization: conventional IVF, where the eggs and sperm are mixed together in a culture dish, or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), where a single sperm is directly injected into each mature egg.
Embryo Development
Following fertilization, the embryos are monitored in the laboratory for their growth and development. The embryos are typically cultured in a specialized incubator, providing them with the optimal conditions necessary for growth. The development of the embryos is closely monitored over the next few days.
Embryo Transfer:
Based on the specific circumstances and the recommendations of the fertility specialist, one or more of the resulting embryos are selected for transfer. The chosen embryos are transferred into the woman’s uterus using a thin catheter inserted through the cervix. The procedure is typically painless and does not require anesthesia.
Embryo Freezing (Cryopreservation):
Any remaining healthy embryos that are not transferred can be cryopreserved or frozen for future use. These frozen embryos can be thawed and transferred in subsequent cycles, allowing for additional attempts at pregnancy without the need for ovarian stimulation and egg retrieval.
Pregnancy Test:
Approximately two weeks after the embryo transfer, a pregnancy test is conducted to determine if the treatment has been successful. If the test is positive, it indicates that implantation has occurred, and the woman is considered pregnant. Further monitoring and care will be provided to support the ongoing pregnancy.